Sep. 09, 2024
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LSZH stands for Low-Smoke Zero-Halogen, which means that the cable emits little to no toxic halogens and minimal smoke when in contact with fire. LSZH wire and cable are also called: low smoke non-halogen (LSNH), low-smoke halogen-free (LSHF), and low-smoke zero-halogen (LS0H).
Halogens are non-metallic elements found in the periodic table. The five halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. They are present in PVC insulation and jacketing, and are highly flame retardant. However, when they are burned, halogens emit thick toxic smoke and become corrosive which can cause damage to equipment and pose a safety concern.
Halogen-free cables are used when fire safety, fire damage prevention, and environmental issues are a concern. Halogen-free cables help eliminate the use of environmentally sensitive materials.
The halogen-free cable is intended for use in applications in which insulation with low toxicity, low smoke generation, and low corrosiveness is needed. Examples include rapid transit, industrial, shipboard, aerospace, and commercial applications where human safety and protection of equipment is a concern.
The NEC (National Electrical Code) doesn't prohibit halogen-free cable or wire installation in any application. The NEC does require low smoke cables for plenum spaces.
Low smoke cable emits a thinner and clearer smoke when burning, making possible evacuation and firefighting efforts easier and safer. A cable may be low smoke and still contain toxic halogens.
Zero halogen means that the cable does not contain fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine. Zero halogen cable may still emit thick smoke when burned. Both properties are not always needed for all cables. Check specifications to be sure that the cable meets both requirements if necessary for your application.
Low smoke zero halogen cables provide a lot of great safety advantages, but there can be an electrical and mechanical trade-off.
In order to be low-smoke zero-halogen, the cable jacket must incorporate a high percentage of filler material. This increase in filler material could make the jacket less chemical and water-resistant and could provide poorer mechanical and electrical properties than a non-LSZH counterpart. LSZH jackets are also more likely to experience jacket cracking during installation, so special lubricants may be necessary to avoid damage, especially in cold environments.
Because of the limited flexibility of LSZH, it is not recommended in robotic or continuous flex applications. As a result, LSZH cable is commonly chosen for applications where fire safety is more of a concern than the cable&#;s specific electrical and mechanical properties. Advances in compound materials and processing have decreased some of these issues.
Yes. LSZH may pass a standard flame test. To determine how an LSZH cable will react in a fire, the following five criteria are considered:
Some test standards related to this type of cable are plenum-rated, LS rated, S1 rated, and ASTM D.
When choosing LSZH products, factors such as the environment and price should be considered. The temperature of the application&#;s environment can affect the flexibility of the cable. Low smoke zero halogen cable also tends to cost more due to its special properties.
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Galaxy is a leading low smoke zero halogen (LSZH) cable supplier offering custom and stock LSZH cable and LSZH wire. LSZH cables are often used where safety, along with performance and reliability, are critical. They are typically specified for use in highly populated, enclosed public spaces where flame resistance, low smoke production and reduced toxic/corrosive gas emissions during combustion are critical.
LSZH cable/wire refers to cables where the cable jacketing and insulation is made with materials that produce low/limited smoke and non-toxic halogens when exposed to fire or high temperatures. There is also low smoke cable and zero halogen cable / halogen free cable.
Low smoke zero halogen cables are used when fire safety is critical, especially in enclosed spaces. A number of fires in transportation facilities and other locations led to the development of LSZH cables. In these emergency fire situations, the low smoke factor helps maintain visibility and can reduce respiratory damage, while zero halogen material cuts the production of toxic, halogenated gases.
Halogen free cable/wire, also called zero halogen cable, refers to cables where the cable jacketing and insulation is made with materials that produce no toxic halogens when exposed to fire or high temperatures. These halogen free cables are used when smoke considerations are minimal. Halogen-free cables also do not use materials that may have an environmental impact.
Low smoke cable/wire, also called limited smoke cable, refers to cables where the cable jacketing and insulation is made with materials that produce no or only small amounts of smoke when exposed to fire or high temperatures. These low smoke cables are used when halogen considerations are minimal.
Because of their low smoke and toxicity benefits, LSZH cables are often chosen for a multitude of applications. These include:
LSZH insulation and jacketing can be used to manufacture nearly any type of cable, including but not limited to:
In some locations, there are regulations that require the use of low smoke zero halogen wire/cable. Local codes should be checked to see if LSZH wires are required.
Galaxy has successfully transitioned a large number of cable projects from unapproved cable specifications to cables that now meet stringent low smoke zero halogen requirements. This expertise and experience is a strong reason to choose Galaxy for LSZH cable.
Also, there are various combinations of cable compounds with different characteristics. There are some low-smoke compounds that are not halogen free, and some halogen free compounds that are not considered low smoke. Galaxy&#;s Sales Engineers can provide guidance in selecting a cable solution that is well suited for specific applications and understand the challenges that come along with the cable selection process. No matter the environment or desired functionality of the cable, a LSZH cable can be manufactured that allows equipment to function as intended when fire and smoke safety is critical.
Galaxy offers LSZH, halogen free, and low smoke insulation and jacket material for cable with:
LSZH cable and wire from Galaxy is available with the following materials:
Galaxy offers LSZH cable in the following ranges of technical specifications:
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