Jul. 29, 2024
Sheet metal fabrication is the method of manufacturing products by manipulating thin metal sheets through cutting, bending, and shaping. The products can range from simple structures like brackets and enclosures to more intricate components utilized in multiple industries. Furthermore, this process encompasses custom techniques that allow precise and tailored solutions to meet specific needs.
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Eugenios Sheet Metal has been offering top-notch fabrication services since . We specialize in sheet metal prototyping and handling mid-volume production runs. We also possess a vast collection of manual and automated metal forming, welding, and finishing technologies to facilitate fabrication.
Sheet metal fabrication is the preferred manufacturing method for many manufacturers due to its numerous advantages. From the sheet metals versatility and affordability to its strength-to-weight ratio and customizability, it provides the following benefits:
Q235 and Q345 are 16 Mn steel grade with good formability and weldability properties. Its commonly used for structural applications and parts for a variety of industries. Q345 offers better performance at low temperatures and offers better steel strength.
Hot rolled steel is produced when steel is processed by a series of roll presses at temperatures over °F. The process creates a steel that is easily formed or shaped into large pieces and is best used where tolerances arent as important.
Sheet metal is made from a variety of metals that each have their own unique properties and offer unique benefits. A list of the most common sheet metal materials used for fabrication have been summarized below.
The sheet metal used in your sheet meetal fabrication includes a very broad list of possible materials . Making the best choice for your products includes decisions about the type of metal, its thickness, and a choice of form. What you choose should be based on your overall expectations, desired end product, and recommendations from your sheet metal fabricator contractor manufacturing services
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Cold rolled steel (CRS) is essentially hot rolled steel that has gone through an additional rolling process at room temperature.
This additional processing produces a steel with closer tolerances and a broader range of finishes. The result is an increase in strength by as much as 20% compared to hot rolled steel. SPCC is commonly used for automotive parts and some construction applications. SPCC can be used for galvanized products, appliances, containers, and other products.
SAPH440 is commonly used for automotive frames, wheels, and other parts. It has very good tensile strength making it a good choice for load bearing or structural uses.
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The category of spring steel includes several high yield strength steels including low-alloy manganese, medium-carbon steel, or high-carbon steel. They are primarily used to manufacture springs as the steel will return to its original shape after twisting or load bearing.
A carbon steel can be used for small springs, but large springs are best when an alloy is used. High carbon spring steel is a common choice, inexpensive, and easily processed. It is not suited to extreme temperatures or for shock/ impact loads. Alloy spring steel are well suited to shock or impact loads or conditions with high stress. Stainless spring steel can be used in some forms at extremely high temperatures (288°C) and are corrosion resistant. 65Mn is a high carbon with manganese to improve hardenability. It has good wear resistance and good workability.
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Aluminum is a pure metal that is easily alloyed with small amounts of other materials like copper, manganese, silicone, or magnesium. It is not magnetic or combustible and is a good conductor of electricity. Aluminum offers good corrosion resistance and is generally easy to form and process. It comes in several different grades and is often used because of its weight. It weighs about 1/3 of other materials like iron, steel, copper, and brass. It conducts heat well and is non-toxic making it a good choice in a variety of applications.
AL is a wrought alloy with high electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and workability but somewhat low mechanical strength. Its commonly used in electrical and chemical industries. AL is most often used for architectural applications or trimming. It has high tensile properties and offers good finish options. It also offers high corrosion resistance and is a good option for anodized applications. AL is the most flexible heat-treated alloy with excellent workability. Its well suited to most processes and has good corrosion resistance. AL is the highest strength non-heat-treated aluminum alloy and offers very good fatigue resistance. Highly workable, AL can be formed into complex shapes and offers good saltwater corrosion resistance.
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Stainless steel includes a variety of sheet metals which contain at least 10.5% chromium. There are many different grades available, offering corrosion resistant and a commercially familiar appearance. Standard or austenitic stainless steel (300 series steels) is very common and does not require heat during the manufacturing process. They offer good corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability.
SS301 has high work hardening and is commonly used for trailer bodies and fasteners. SS304 has low carbon, is an economical grade but is not seawater resistant. SS316 has higher molybdenum content that improves its resistance to seawater corrosion. A lower carbon version (SS316L) is available for better corrosion resistance after welding.
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ACE Product Page
Suggested reading:Cold galvanized steel has a zinc coating painted to the steel surface to protect it from corrosion. The coating will provide both a barrier protection and a galvanic protection to help extend the life of the product. It can be applied with brushes, rollers, sprayers, or through electro galvanizing. The paint includes special binders so it will mechanically bond to the steel. SGCCis a galvanized steel with good weldability and formability. It can have a pure zinc coating or have a Zn/Fe alloy coating.
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Each metal has its own unique characteristics. This section of our guide outlines some of the factors that you should consider when making your choice of materials.
Surface finish Yield Tensile Hardness GB Standard Powder coating E-coating Zinc plating Dacromet Anodized Passivation Cold Rolled Steel (CRS) SPCC X X X X 210MPa 350MPa HB 65 - 85 JIS G- SAPH440 X X X X 305MPa 440MPa HB 80 ±30 Q/BQB 310- Hot Rolled Steel Q235 X X X X 235MPa 375 ~500MPa HB 120 ±40 GB/T 700- Q345 X X X X 345MPa 490 ~675MPa HB 120 ±40 GB/T - Spring Steel 65Mn X X 785MPa 980MPa HB 190 - 340 GB/T - Aluminium AL X X 35MPa 75MPa HB 26 ±5 GB/T - AL T6 X X 276MPa 260MPa HV 15 ~ 18 GB/T - AL T5 X X 170MPa 250MPa HB 25 ±5 GB/T - AL H32 X X 70MPa 210 ~ 260MPa HV 11 ±2 GB/T - Stainless SS301 X X 205MPa 520MPa HB 76 ~ 187 GB/T - SS304 X X 205MPa 520MPa HB 76 ~ 187 GB/T - SS316 X X 205MPa 520MPa HB 76 ~ 187 GB/T - Cold Galvanized Steel SGCC X 200MPa 380MPa HB 50 - 65 JIS-G
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Different metals can accommodate different surface finishes. Some will require additional processing before a surface finish can be applied. Your choice of surface finishes can be for aesthetic or functional reasons or both.
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The yield strength of a metal is the point at which applied stress will cause it to deform and not return to its original shape. It provides an indication of a metals elasticity and the maximum force you can apply to it before it will permanently deform, buckle, or even fail. Processes like annealing can impact the yield strength of some materials.
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Hardness refers to the metals ability to resist deformation from an impact, abrasion, or load. You can measure hardness based on its resistance to scratches, indentations, or rebounds. Some issues with hardness can be overcome with a hardening process. Hardness is important for load bearing structures as hard metals are better able to withstand the application of load or abrasion.
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Tensile strength refers to ability of a metal to resist force. Higher tensile strength requires more force to snap it for example. If the product youre producing doesnt need to bear any load, then a metal with less tensile strength might be the best choice. Keep in mind that how you form the sheet metal can impact its strength and the load it can bear.
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The ductility of a metal offers insight into how pliable it is and how easy it is to form. When a metal is referred to as having high ductility, that means it easier to form and bend.
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If your product requires welding, its important to understand how easy or difficult a metal is to weld. Some metals require extensive preparation or advanced welding techniques which can impact both your budget and schedule.
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A metal that has high machinability is one that can be more easily cut and cut at higher speeds. Hard machinability requires more power and time to cut the metal.
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The material you choose should take into consideration the environment it will be exposed to. Some metals respond better than others to factors like water, oxidation, or other elements it will be exposed to. Some metals, like stainless steel, wont corrode but they can develop an oxide film. Also keep in mind that galvanic corrosion can occur when to dissimilar metals are in contact with each other.
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Choosing a lighter weight material might be best for large objects or objects that need to move (like vehicles, trailers, etc.). At the same time, you need to consider the strength of the material. In general, lighter metals have less strength than heavier ones although thats not always the case.
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Cost usually isnt the most important factor in choosing a sheet metal for fabrication. Its important to make the best choice based on the other factors weve listed. However, if there is an equally good alternative that has a lower cost, its worth considering. Keep in mind however, sometimes lower cost materials require additional processing which may result in you not actually saving a lot had you used the higher cost material instead.
Our team of engineers and technicians here at Komaspec have more than 15-years experience in sheet metal fabrication in China and are glad to review your product design together and help you select the fabrication process that best suits your products needs, whether its laser cutting, bending, stamping, etc..
Are you interested in learning more about processing sheet metal housing? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!
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