Titanium Anode Industry 2023: Your Complete Purchase ...

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The titanium anode market&#;s growth trajectory is paramount across a spectrum of sectors. This includes areas like chemical processes, electrometallurgy, water treatment, mechanical and electrical synthesis, and cathodic protection. Other sectors impacted are electrodialysis, metal foil production, aluminum foil formation, environmental conservation, and electroplating, among others.

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As draws near, it&#;s crucial to stay informed about the latest industry developments and make astute decisions when acquiring titanium anodes. This comprehensive guide is tailored to provide you with essential knowledge and insights, ensuring you make the best titanium anode purchases in .

Overview of Titanium Anode Types

When it comes to titanium anodes, there are several types to consider. Each type has its own unique characteristics and applications. In this overview, we will explore the different types of titanium anodes available in the market. By understanding the distinctions between these types, you can make an informed decision about which one is best suited for your specific needs.

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) Anodes

MMO anodes are among the most commonly used types of titanium anodes. They are characterized by a thin coating of mixed metal oxides, which significantly enhances their durability and resistance to corrosion. Owing to these properties, MMO anodes are extensively used across various industries, including water treatment, electroplating, and chemical processing.

Platinum-Coated Titanium Anodes

Platinized titanium anodes are known for their outstanding electrochemical properties and stability. They are especially effective in high-performance electrocatalysis applications, such as electrolysis and electroplating processes.

Ruthenium-Iridium Oxide (Ru-IrO2) Anodes

Ru-IrO2 anodes stand out for their exceptional stability and resistance to corrosion. They are prominently used in demanding environments, especially in the chlor-alkali industry, where long-term durability is crucial.

Iridium-Tantalum Oxide (Iri-Ta) Anodes

Iri-Ta anodes are acclaimed for their remarkable stability and excellent resistance to corrosion. Like Ru-IrO2 anodes, they are often used in demanding conditions in the chlor-alkali industry. Their superior performance in harsh environments makes Iri-Ta anodes an ideal choice for industries seeking resilience and an extended lifespan.

Lead Dioxide Anodes

Lead dioxide anodes, also known as PbO2 anodes, feature a lead dioxide coating on titanium. This coating grants them excellent electrochemical properties and enhanced corrosion resistance. They are particularly effective in strongly acidic conditions, making them ideal for applications in electroplating, metal recovery, and certain wastewater treatments.

Comparison of MMO Anode and Titanium Anode

• MMO Anode: An MMO (Mixed Metal Oxide) anode is a type of anode that consists of a titanium substrate coated with a layer of mixed metal oxides, such as ruthenium, iridium, or platinum. This combination of materials provides high electrocatalytic activity and resistance to corrosion, making MMO anodes suitable for a wide range of applications, such as electrolytic production, cathodic protection, and sewage treatment.
• Titanium Anode: A titanium anode, sometimes referred to as a &#;bare&#; titanium anode, is an anode made entirely of titanium without any additional coating. While titanium is known for its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, it does not possess the same electrocatalytic properties as an MMO anode. As a result, titanium anodes have limited use in electrochemical applications.

Here&#;s a comparison table highlighting the key differences between MMO Anodes and Titanium Anodes:

Aspect MMO Anodes Titanium Anodes Coating Mixed metal oxides (e.g., ruthenium, iridium, platinum) None (Uncoated) Electrocatalytic Activity High Limited Corrosion Resistance Superior due to the mixed metal oxide coating Good, inherent to titanium Applications Electrolytic production, cathodic protection, sewage treatment Primarily water treatment, metal plating, and corrosion protection Price Point Generally higher, attributed to the specialized coating Typically lower, given the absence of any specialized coating

How to Select a Suitable Titanium Anode?

When selecting a titanium anode for your project, it is essential to consider several key factors that will impact its effectiveness and suitability for your specific needs. Here are the factors to carefully evaluate:

1. Understand Application Requirements:

• Operating Conditions: Consider the temperature, pressure, and pH levels in your application. Ensure the anode material and coating are compatible with these conditions.
• Electrolyte Composition: Identify the components of the electrolyte. Some substances may be more aggressive or require specific coatings on the anode.
• Current Density: Know the current density of your application. It&#;s crucial for determining the required surface area of the anode and its coating thickness.

2. Choose the Right Anode Configuration:

• Mesh: Offers high surface area, suitable for applications requiring uniform current distribution.
• Rod: Good for applications with limited space.
• Ribbon: Can be used for applications requiring flexibility.
• Tubular: Offers robust structure, often used in harsh conditions.

3. Assess Corrosion Resistance:

• Environment: Analyze the corrosiveness of the environment in which the anode will operate.
• Coatings: Consider MMO or platinum coatings for additional protection. Ensure the coating is uniform and defect-free.

4. Evaluate Electrochemical Properties:

• Electrocatalytic Activity: Needed for applications like water treatment or electroplating. MMO and platinum coatings enhance this property.
• Voltage Characteristics: Ensure the anode has the right voltage characteristics for your application.

5. Determine Durability and Lifespan:

• Material Thickness: Thicker anodes generally have a longer lifespan.
• Operating Conditions: Harsher conditions may require more durable materials or coatings.
• Maintenance: Understand the maintenance requirements to ensure longevity.

6. Check Quality and Certification:

• Certifications: Look for industry certifications that guarantee the anode meets certain quality standards.
• Supplier Reputation: Ensure the supplier has a good track record and can provide quality documentation.

7. Select a Reliable Supplier:

• Customization: Choose a supplier that can provide customized solutions if required.
• Technical Support: Ensure they offer adequate technical support.
• Quality Commitment: The supplier should have a strong commitment to quality.

By considering these factors and seeking advice from experts or reputable suppliers, you can select a titanium anode that ensures optimal performance and durability for your specific application. Make sure to also consider future maintenance and potential replacement costs to ensure a cost-effective and efficient long-term solution.

Titanium Anode Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of titanium anodes involves several stages that are carefully executed to ensure the production of high-quality anodes with optimal performance and durability. Let&#;s take a closer look at each stage:

1. Shearing: In the shearing stage, the titanium substrate is precisely cut without forming chips. This process ensures that the substrate pieces have the desired dimensions and shapes required for the anode.
2. Welding: Once the substrate pieces are cut, they are joined together using argon arc welding. This welding technique creates a strong and secure connection between the substrate pieces, forming the anode skeleton. The welding process is crucial in ensuring the structural integrity of the anode.
3. Sandblasting: After welding, the anode surface undergoes sandblasting. This process involves propelling abrasive particles onto the surface to remove any oxidation and contaminants. Sandblasting also increases the surface roughness, providing better adhesion for the subsequent coating.
4. Annealing: The anode skeleton undergoes an annealing process, which involves heat treatment. Annealing helps improve the metal properties of the titanium substrate, including strength, ductility, and resistance to defects. This step ensures that the anode has the necessary mechanical properties to withstand operational demands.
5. Acid Pickling: To prepare the substrate for the coating process, it undergoes acid pickling. The titanium substrate is immersed in an oxalic acid solution, which effectively removes stains, rust, and other impurities from the surface. Acid pickling ensures a clean and uniform substrate, facilitating proper coating adhesion.
6. Coating Solution Preparation: The next step involves the preparation of a suitable coating solution. The composition of the coating solution depends on the desired properties and application requirements. It often includes precious metals such as ruthenium, iridium, platinum, or a combination of mixed metal oxides. The coating solution is carefully formulated to achieve the desired coating characteristics.
7. Coating: The prepared coating solution is applied to the surface of the titanium anode. Various techniques can be employed for coating, including brush coating, dipping, or spraying. The goal is to achieve an even and uniform coating layer on the anode surface. After application, the anode is dried in a furnace to remove any excess moisture.
8. Sintering: The coated anode undergoes a sintering process. During sintering, the anode is subjected to a controlled heating process, typically in a furnace. This step strengthens and solidifies the coating, enhancing its adhesion to the titanium substrate. Sintering also optimizes the properties of the coating, ensuring long-term stability and high performance.

By meticulously following these stages, the manufacturing process of titanium anodes ensures the production of anodes with precise dimensions, strong structural integrity, and suitable coatings. Each stage is essential in achieving the desired anode characteristics, including corrosion resistance, electrochemical properties, and longevity. The careful execution of the manufacturing process guarantees that the titanium anodes meet the stringent quality standards required for various industrial applications.

Applications of Titanium Anodes

Titanium anodes have a wide range of applications across numerous industries due to their exceptional corrosion resistance, durability, and compatibility with various electrolytes. Let&#;s explore some of the key applications where titanium anodes are extensively utilized:

1. Water Treatment: Titanium anodes play a vital role in various water treatment processes. They are commonly employed in electrolytic disinfection systems, electrochlorination, and electrocoagulation. Titanium anodes generate oxidants that effectively disinfect water, remove organic pollutants, and reduce heavy metal ions. These anodes are crucial for treating drinking water, wastewater, and industrial effluents, ensuring the production of clean and safe water.
2. Electroplating: The electroplating industry heavily relies on titanium anodes. Titanium anodes, especially those coated with precious metals like platinum, ruthenium, or iridium, are utilized for a wide range of electroplating processes. They provide excellent performance, ensuring high-quality and uniform metal coatings on various substrates. Titanium anodes offer stability, efficient current distribution, and corrosion resistance, enabling precise control over the plating process and producing desired surface finishes.
3. Chlor-Alkali Industry: Titanium anodes are extensively employed in the chlor-alkali industry for the production of chlorine gas, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), and other important chemicals. The superior corrosion resistance of titanium anodes allows for efficient electrolysis, facilitating the generation of chlorine gas and caustic soda. These anodes ensure prolonged service life and stable performance in the harsh and corrosive electrolytic environment of chlor-alkali cells.
4. Electrochemical Synthesis: Titanium anodes are utilized in various electrochemical synthesis processes within the chemical industry. They play a crucial role in electro-oxidation, electro-reduction, and electrosynthesis reactions. The corrosion resistance and catalytic properties of titanium anodes enable efficient and sustainable chemical production. They are employed for the synthesis of organic compounds, electrochemical wastewater treatment, electrosynthesis of specialty chemicals, and other electrochemical processes.
5. Cathodic Protection: Titanium anodes are commonly employed in cathodic protection systems to prevent corrosion of metal structures exposed to corrosive environments. They are particularly effective in protecting underground pipelines, storage tanks, offshore structures, and ship hulls. Titanium anodes provide a stable and long-lasting source of cathodic current, which helps to halt the corrosion process and extend the service life of protected structures.
6. Electrodialysis: Titanium anodes are crucial components in electrodialysis systems used for desalination and salt removal processes. They facilitate the efficient removal of ions from brackish water and seawater, allowing for the production of fresh water and the recovery of valuable resources. The corrosion resistance and electrochemical stability of titanium anodes ensure reliable operation and longevity in desalination plants, contributing to sustainable water management.
7. Metal Finishing: Titanium anodes find application in metal finishing operations such as anodizing and electro-polishing. They provide a stable and efficient source of current for anodizing processes, leading to the formation of protective oxide layers on metals. Titanium anodes also enable precise control and uniformity in electro-polishing, enhancing the surface finish of metal components in industries like automotive, aerospace, and jewelry.

These are just a few examples of the diverse range of applications where titanium anodes excel. Their corrosion resistance, electrochemical properties, and compatibility with various processes make them indispensable in industries ranging from water treatment and electroplating to chemical synthesis and cathodic protection. The versatility and reliability of titanium anodes contribute significantly to the efficiency and sustainability of these industrial processes.

Key Players in the Titanium Anode Industry

The coated titanium anode industry is highly competitive, with several leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in the production of high-quality titanium anodes for various industrial applications. In addition to the previously mentioned key players, here are five more prominent companies in the titanium anode industry:

1.De Nora: A Global Leader in Sustainable Electrochemistry.   

De Nora is a multinational company based in Italy that specializes in sustainable electrochemistry. It&#;s the world&#;s largest supplier of high-performing coatings and electrodes for electrochemical and industrial applications. Additionally, the company provides equipment and solutions for water and wastewater treatment.

Goto GIANT ANODE to know more.

2. HELE Titanium: A Leading Supplier of High-Quality Titanium Anodes

HELE Titanium is a major supplier of high-quality titanium anodes based in China, used in various industries such as chemical processing, electroplating, and water treatment. They offer a wide range of coated titanium anodes and market competitive situation types, including mesh, plate, and MMO-coated anodes, to cater to the specific needs of their clients. With a strong focus on innovation and exceptional customer service, HELE Titanium is a leading player in the industry.

3. Tiaano: A Leading Provider of Customized Anode Solutions                                                                       

Tiaano is a prominent player in the titanium anode production industry based in India, offering customized titanium anode production solutions that cater to the specific needs of their clients. They provide a range of titanium anode production types, including MMO-coated, platinized, and mixed metal oxide anodes, to meet diverse needs. With their exceptional quality, reliability, and durability, Tiaano&#;s products are preferred by many businesses and organizations.

4. Elade: Dedicated to the Production of Titanium Anodes                                                                                   

Elade is a Chinese company specializing in the production of titanium anodes and other electrochemical products. They offer a diverse range of anodes, including MMO-coated anodes, platinized anodes, and mixed metal oxide anodes. Elade&#;s products are widely used in industries such as electroplating, wastewater treatment, and chemical processing.

5. TITAN Metal Fabricators: Professional MMO Titanium Anode Supplier                                                   

TITAN Metal Fabricators is a leading global supplier of titanium anodes, offering a wide range of high-quality products to industries such as chemical processing, electroplating, and cathodic protection. With decades of experience, TITAN Metal Fabricators has established a strong reputation for producing reliable and durable titanium anodes that meet the stringent demands of different applications.

How to Select a Trusted Titanium Anode Manufacturer?

Choosing a reliable and trustworthy titanium anode manufacturer is an important task that requires thorough research and evaluation. Here are some steps you can take:

1. **Experience and Reputation**: Check the manufacturer&#;s experience in the field. Manufacturers with a long history generally have more experience and knowledge about the industry. Read reviews and ask for references to get a sense of the manufacturer&#;s reputation. Also, look at their client list and partnerships.

2. **Quality of Products**: Review the quality of their products. Ask for samples if possible. The manufacturer should be able to provide the exact specifications, such as alloy composition, for their products. They should also have quality control measures in place to ensure consistent production.

3. **Certifications**: Make sure the manufacturer has the necessary certifications that attest to the quality of their processes and products. For titanium anode manufacturers, ISO is a common certification that indicates they adhere to a quality management system.

4. **Technological Capability**: The manufacturer should have the latest technology and machinery to produce high-quality titanium anodes. This includes the ability to produce different types of anodes like MMO anodes, RuO2-coated anodes, etc.

5. **Research and Development**: Look for manufacturers who invest in research and development. This indicates that they are keeping up with the latest industry trends and technologies and can offer innovative solutions.

6. **After-Sales Support**: It&#;s essential to have reliable customer service and technical support. The manufacturer should be able to address your concerns promptly and provide necessary assistance when needed.

7. **Pricing**: While it shouldn&#;t be the only factor, pricing is undoubtedly an important consideration. Be wary of prices that seem too good to be true&#;they often are. However, also ensure that you&#;re not being overcharged. Get quotes from different manufacturers for comparison.

8. **Location**: Consider the manufacturer&#;s location. If they&#;re located in a different country, consider the shipping cost and time, as well as any customs regulations and duties.

9. **Environmentally Friendly**: Check whether the manufacturer follows environmentally friendly processes. This is especially important in the titanium anode industry, which involves potentially hazardous materials.

10. **Terms and Conditions**: Finally, read the terms and conditions carefully. This includes delivery times, payment terms, warranties, and any other conditions related to the purchase.

By taking these steps, you can find a trusted titanium anode manufacturer who will meet your needs and deliver a quality product.

Conclusion

Choosing a titanium anode doesn&#;t have to be a complex task. By methodically assessing your project&#;s needs, understanding the various configurations available, and partnering with a reputable supplier, you can ensure that your project not only meets but exceeds expectations. Remember, the right anode can dramatically enhance the performance and longevity of your application. So, why settle for anything less than the best?

 Pages:  1  2  3 Author: Subject: Tutorial:the poor man MMO anode Tutorial:the poor man MMO anode


The poor man MMO anode

Material :
Aluminium rod ,I us 3/8 inch, can be found in any hardware store.
Beaker:approx 150-250ml
Tin solder,can contain pb or sb,can be fond in any hardware store
Distilled water
Sulphuric acid 10%
Aluminium paper
Hydrochloric acid 30%
Power supply 1.5v 0.3amp
Steel wool
Piece of clothe
drill
acetone
torch



Chloride
Aluminium
Take 10ml of HCl and ad 30ml of distilled watter and drop aluminium in and wait.

Tin:
Take 50ml of HCl and ad an exess of tin metal , wait.


When your tin chloride is maked ad around 150ml of 10% sulphuric acid , a large amount of tin dioxide will be produce.

Take your aluminium rod and rub it with steel wool then rub it with acetone.

Mix 10ml of your al solution and 10ml of your tin sulphate solution and pour it on a piece of cloth.

Take your al rod and rub it with your cloth, than take your drill and insert the rod.

Take your drill lite your torch and turn the drill to on , and spin it over the flame with linary movment. Make this 10 or 11 time.

Then for protect your substrat take it in 10% sulphuric acid as an anode and apply 1.5 volt for 1-24hours.


Your poor man MMO anode is complete!

for who want to know this is about 2 mont of search about anode, specialy with otc equipement.for this anode the spining of the drill and the heating uniformaly make a hard coat of Al + SnO2 when we make the electrolisis of sulfuric acid the Al oxidise to Al2O3.




Devlopement: find a way to better corode the al rod for better adherence, I am working on this, other devlopement will be a better ratio of AlCl3 and SnSO4 , pulverising the mix with a pulverisator like windex, because we use a clothe, some of the coat, decape when the friction is to high, later I will test all this think for a better coat , and a better price!

After 24hour in sulphuric acid solution the anode is dark gray,after this I made chlorate for abouth 2week without visible deterioration.the test result show that this anode could work in all conssentration of nitric acid, all consentration of hydrochloric acid, just at 5% hydrofluric acid and finaly all conssentration of sulphuric acid.in future I will test for hydrobromic , iodic acid.


[Edited on 22-1- by plante]

[Edited on 22-1- by plante]

[Edited on 22-1- by plante]

[Edited on 22-1- by plante]

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

this is a picture of the first anode i made after2week of intense use in very corrosive media.



i dont know why it is black because tin dioxide and aluminium oxide is very white.I think a intermetalic compound have been formed, but this layer is vey very very hard and chemical resistan.

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

after some search i find it can be this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_antimonide

because in my solder i ave 50% antimony. wath do you think.

Noooooooo...... . Surely it can't be as simple as this

I can see how your coating is analogous to Beer's co-deposited, mixed crystal oxide coatings, RuO2/TiO2 on Ti (MMO).

You have SnO2/Al2O3 on Al. I believe the Beer system works, in part, because both RuO2 and TiO2 both have a tetragonal "rutile" structure. SnO2 also has a "rutile" structure, but Al2O3 on the other hand has a trigonal "corundum" structure. Difficult to see how they would form a "solid solution".

I can also see how it might work in an oxidising environment, but I am amazed that it would last 2 weeks in a chlorate cell. Did it actually produce any chlorate in this period. What voltage/ current were you using.

The grey/black colour may be due to the extremely small grain size of the coating material absorbing light rather than an antimony compound.

What is the flame temperature of your "torch", I assume you were heating the coated rod to about 500 - 600 oC.

Congratulations - this is an interesting development



Quote: Originally posted by Xenoid  

I can also see how it might work in an oxidising environment, but I am amazed that it would last 2 weeks in a chlorate cell. Did it actually produce any chlorate in this period. What voltage/ current were you using.

What is the flame temperature of your "torch", I assume you were heating the coated rod to about 500 - 600 oC.



I run it at 3 volt 1amps.

I coated it at 600-800(my torch heat at 600to degree c)

it producted arround 100 gram of potassium chlorate without degradation.

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

so my first anode is a 15 day in chlorate cell. I make a TiO2 ,SnO2 anode with titanium trichloride and this anode show this apect:
anode: alumina/titania
conductivity:good/medium
chemical resistan:good/very good
hardness of the coat:epic/good
solubility:epic/good

so this is the test result i made with same conssentration of coating.

edit: I wanted to see ow much voltage the anode take a 3amps and at 8volt it deterior rapidili at 12 volt the coating flake of and lets appear aluminium crystal.So dont do this with more than 5 volt.

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

Hello,

That's one for the patents no doubt.

Any chance of a clear picture of the Anode?

Dann2


Quote: Originally posted by dann2  Hello,

That's one for the patents no doubt.

Any chance of a clear picture of the Anode?

Dann2



here a re-dimentioned picture.



later i will re-retake some picture of the 2 anode,titania and aluminia for demonstrating the variance of the 2 anode,some picture of the processe , more explanation and some improvement.

[Edited on 23-1- by plante]

[Edited on 23-1- by plante] Tutorial: the Poor man MMO anode V 2.0


This is the version 2 of the guide

there is the material:
Material :
Aluminium rod ,I us 3/8 inch, can be found in any hardware store.
Beaker:approx 150-250ml and 50ml
Tin solder,can contain pb or sb,can be fond in any hardware store
Distilled water
Sulphuric acid 98%
Aluminium paper
Hydrochloric acid 30%
Power supply 1.5v 0.3amp
sand paper corundum
Piece of clothe
drill
acetone
torch



First you need to pour 30ml of 30%HCl and ad tin solder.




than take 25ml of water and 25ml of HCl and ad an essess of aluminium to it.



Cut your alu rod to the heigth desired.



than run your drill and use a sand paper to corod it:





Optional:rub the alu rod with HCl , this step help to harden the coat.



than rub it with acetone.



ad per small amont 10ml of sulfuric acid 98% to the tin solution, it will boil very readily.





than soak your cloth with 50/50solution.



than rub your rod with it,heat it re rub it re heat it ect, here is a picture but you cannot see the flame.



repeat this until you think you have a hard layer.

ther is it!









to harden the coat electrolise as an anode a 10%sulfuric acid solution .
[Edited on 24-1- by plante]

[Edited on 24-1- by plante]

[Edited on 24-1- by plante]

[Edited on 24-1- by plante]

[Edited on 24-1- by plante]

Well, this is all so easy, I have to give it a go....

The reactions;

Aluminium chloride hexahydrate decomposes above 300 oC. to give HCl, water and Al2O3

AlCl3.6H2O --> 3HCl + 4.5H2O + Al2O3

Tin (II) sulphate decomposes somewhere above it's melting point of 378 oC. to give SnO2 and SO2. How come this procedure was not mentioned in the SnO2 anode and SnO2 doping threads!

SnSO4 --> SnO2 + SO2

I have prepared AlCl3 solution by dissolving scrap Al in concentrated HCl. Careful the reaction is quite vigorous and gets very hot! The solution was filtered hot and allowed to cool. The solubility of AlCl3 at 20 oC. is 45.8 g/100mls.

The tin (II) sulphate solution was prepared by reacting pure tin granules with hot copper (II) sulphate solution until the solution is colourless. The solution was filtered and allowed to cool.

Sn + CuSO4 --> Cu + SnSO4

The solubility of tin (II) sulphate at 20 oC. is 18.9g/100mls.

I gather the coating process puts a conducting mixed metal oxide layer of Al2O3/SnO2 on the bare Al. The low voltage "annealing" process in the dilute sulphuric acid then fills any cracks or weak spots in the coating with a layer of non-conducting Al2O3.

Well, I have had two attempts at this so far, both were total, unmitigated disasters.

Attempt 1. The Al rod was abraded with 150 sandpaper and etched with NaOH for 10 - 20 seconds, washed with water and wiped with acetone. The 50:50 coating solution was sprayed on using a small perfume sprayer, this produces too much coating, and after about 3 spray coats I had a thick, crusty, crumbly coating that was a grey/cream/whitish colour. I removed some of the excess material by rubbing with a cloth, and proceeded to the "annealing". Applying 1.5 Volts produced a current in excess of 1.8 Amps and increasing (the electrodes were close together, and the acid was not as dilute as I thought it was). I reduced the voltage to 1.0 Volts and the current stabilised at about 1.5 Amps. The anode was bubbling away, producing copious oxygen. Since it seemed stable, I left it for an hour or two, when I came back the container was filled with grey crud and the anode had been partly eroded away!

Attempt2. This anode was pre-treated as above, but the 50:50 solution was applied by wet cloth, any excess was wiped off. At least 12 coats were applied, with the rod allowed to cool between coats. This produced a coating of the purest, glistening, sapphire .... no, no, I digress. This produced a silky looking coating, which was a clear/grey/creamy colour. I gave it a bit of a polish and with high hopes put it in the (now more dilute) sulphuric acid for "annealing". This resulted in no current flow, right up to about 13 or 14 Volts. The coating was a very good insulator. This was confirmed out of the cell with a multimeter.

The obvious difference in my procedure is the use of "pure" tin (II) sulphate, made from CP tin granules rather than solder, so perhaps the presence of antimony plays a part here.

I used an old small wholly metal drill chuck, mounted in the "plasticky" chuck of my cordless drill. This avoids the possibility of melting the plastic on modern chucks, as it gets pretty hot.

I await input from others, before proceeding!



Quote: Originally posted by plante  after some search i find it can be this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_antimonide

because in my solder i ave 50% antimony. wath do you think.

after your test , it show that antimony is probably the missing thing.


i will buy some pur tin and i will test tanks for the test i show to me that i need to change mi recipe.

Quote: Originally posted by Xenoid  Well, this is all
I have prepared AlCl3 solution by dissolving scrap Al in concentrated HCl. Careful the reaction is quite vigorous and gets very hot! The solution was filtered hot and allowed to cool. The solubility of AlCl3 at 20 oC. is 45.8 g/100mls.



wath is the conssentration of your acid mine is 30% dilued in half so it is 15%.

does antimony react with copper sulfate?

Can you post some picture of the 2 anode please it will help me a lot.

[Edited on 25-1- by plante]

Hello,

It's all over again??

Regading Tin Oxide from Tin Sulphate see US , example 13 (below)

EXAMPLE 13

A strip of porous titanium having a surface area of approximately 7 square inches (45 square centimeters) was coated with a solution of tin and antimony compounds by use of a vacuum to suck the solution through the porous material. The solution consisted of 5.27 grams of stannous sulfate, 2.63 grams of antimony trichloride, 10 milliliters of hydrochloric acid, and 20 milliliters of butyl alcohol. This was done four times with the baking of one-half hour at approximately 500.degree. C. between each pass through the porous titanium material. A 50 percent aqueous solution of manganese nitrate was passed through the material in the same fashion with a baking between each pass of 45 to 60 minutes at approximately 200 degrees centigrade until a weight gain in the range of 3.36 to 3.56 grams of manganese dioxide is contained therein.
[SNIP]



Tin Sulphate cropped up from time to time in patents but they always used porous Ti (whatever exactly that is) as the substrate, never smooth plate.
Just about all Tin compounds decompose to SnO2 when heated. Some give 'usable' SnO2 (for an Anode application) in certain situations, some don't.
(IMO)

@Plante
You used the Anode for two weeks at one amp and got 100 grams of Chlorate (say K Chlorate).?
That gives (by my calculations using Swede's formula) 39% CE.

(131.22 * (100 GRAMS))/(336 AMPER HOURS) = 39





Dann2

[Edited on 25-1- by dann2]

Quote: Originally posted by dann2  Hello,

It's all over again??

Regading Tin Oxide from Tin Sulphate see US , example 13 (below)



Good grief, dann2 - do you have all those patents committed to memory. It even has aluminium listed as one of the "valve" metals
I presume the porous Ti is sintered Ti powder, very high surface area.
I have that patent in my collection, it makes interesting reading. I'm not sure why I never bothered with it though, probably because it mentions electro-winning rather than chlorate/perchlorate anodes.

I thought you were in West Africa, with a bag of salt, looking for a wife

@plante - I am surprised the SnO2 alone is not able to make the Al2O3 conducting. I have some pure antimony metal, and it would probably react with copper sulphate, however it is insoluble so that's not much use. I will investigate antimony trichloride.

Edit: Re-reading your post; I would have thought that antimony sulphate would have been precipitated when you added the sulphuric acid to the solder dissolved in HCl. Thus, your tin sulphate would be antimony free!

[Edited on 25-1- by Xenoid]

wow! seems too good to be true!

maybe you've made some kind of Al-Sb doped SnO2
aluminum doped SnO2 is known. For example US gives some info on making semiconducting Al doped SnO2 for H2S sensing. They use a solution of Al(NO3)3.9H2O and SnCl2 in glycerol to coat the electrode and heat from 25 to 430^C over 30 minutes. The resistance of a film with A thickness is reported to be 1.7x10^5 to 2.2x10^4 ohm/square at 130^C (it was measured along the film).

Quote:
after some search i find it can be this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_antimonide
No Al2O3+Sb2O3 can't be reduced to AlSb by flame! in your link it's actually mentioned that AlSb burns to produce aluminum oxide and antimony trioxide.

Edit:
I dont have access to the fulltext of this articleBut in the abstract it's claimed that: The room temperature electrical conductivities of the films are obtained in the range of 0.21 S cm&#;1 to 1.36 S cm&#;1 for variation of Al doping in the films 2.31&#;18.56% (which is a satisfactory conductivity range in my opinion)

[Edited on 25-1- by Zaratukhshthra]

Hello,

Quote: Originally posted by Xenoid   Good grief, dann2 - do you have all those patents committed to memory. It even has aluminium listed as one of the "valve" metals

Yes. Chapter, paragraph and line No's. in my head :-|
Al is not very 'Valve' though. I tested it some time ago together with Ti, Nb and W. It could only withstand about a Volt or two before it started to corrode/conduct when used as an Anode. According to Wouters site it corrodes when used as a Cathode!
If it works as an Anode substrate it would be great.
Perhaps if people are getting it hard to get this Anode to work they could try the idea using Ti (you will get no corrosing if coating is a bit iffy). Get that to work and then migrate to Al. Then again perhaps it only works using Al at the starting substrate?

Quote: Originally posted by Xenoid  
I thought you were in West Africa, with a bag of salt, looking for a wife
Just home. Wife secured. I am not 100% pleased as see is a bit old for me. Hard to have it all your own way. Her father is very very pleased (he got his 28 pounds of salt), and of course my (new)wife is very very pleased (she got ME). My older wife......... not so pleased.
I decided to include a picture of her (new wife). It depicts her happily keeping an eye and jotting down some pH readings from my latest Chlorate cell. This cell uses a MetaStanic derived poly Mono Metal Spinal combined with a Perskovite doped inverse Spinel containing strategic quantities of Zn, Bi, As, Co, Ni etc etc etc.


Dann2



Maybe Sb-doped SnO2 appears, and the Al2O3 is just for adhesion.

I LOVE science!

Can you substitute lead metal from fishing weights for the tin solder?

no but you can buy tin solder at 5dollars search for 50/50 tin antimony and fallow this guide and you will have great anode for making , with your naame i think you will made chlorate or perchlorate.

AlSb may form by 3AlSbO4+8Al->3AlSb+8Al2O3. It would be doped with Sn and likely conductive.

I LOVE science!

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yes i was thinking the same.

nahh, I like electrochemistry mostly. I bought some Roebic drain cleaner for the sulfuric acid and I do not know to concentration. I tried pouring a pouring a little into a container and added about 3 times as much (by mass) sugar. It started soaking up the sulfuric acid and the sugar at the center turned dark brown gradually getting light brown as it went outwards. I guess that I added too much sugar to make the carbon and the drain cleaner is brown. I am guessing that it's not that pure but I am planning on boiling the sulfuric acid to 100% purity (untill white fumes appear) and then using that stuff. Will that work or will it not be pure enough?

BTW this anode can make perchlorate? Is it basically a lead dioxide anode?


the acid after boiled will be good if you ad some hydrogen peroxide end boile it , basicaly this anode is a aluminium oxide doped with aluminium antimonyde and tin dioxide anode.

[Edited on 6-2- by plante]

I try to make MMO anod but I failed to make tin sulfate using hydrochloric acid, what is the trick.  Pages:  1  2  3