May. 20, 2024
Important technical improvements of LCD, such as LED backlighting and wide viewing angle, are directly related to LCD technology. They account for an 80% cost of the LCD panel, showing that the quality of the LCD panel determines the overall quality of an LCD display.
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The production of civil LCD displays involves the assembly of the LCD panel, main control circuit, shell, and other parts. Although it might seem straightforward, LCDs are not low-tech products. The LCD panel manufacturing process requires at least 300 subprocesses, performed in a dust-free environment with precise technology.
The LCD panel structure is generally divided into two parts: the LCD panel itself and the backlight system.
This system includes backlight plates, backlight sources (CCFL or LED), diffuser plates, and other components that ensure uniform light distribution.
Since LCDs do not emit light, a backlight system is necessary. The backlight system's design and craftsmanship are crucial in reducing brightness non-uniformity and achieving an optimal display.
The LCD panels consist of a horizontal polarizer, color filter, LCD layer, TFT glass, and vertical polarizer. Additionally, there are driving ICs and printed circuit boards that control the rotation of LCD molecules and manage display signals. When not powered, the LCD plate remains translucent.
The manufacturing of an LCD panel can be divided into three complex processes: the front segment Array, the middle segment Cell, and the rear segment Module assembly.
This process involves film deposition, yellow light exposure, etching, and stripping. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film is used for conductive circuits on the TFT glass to control LCD molecule motion.
The steps include depositing the ITO film layer, cleaning the ITO glass, applying a photoresist, exposing the photoresist layer under UV light, developing and etching the ITO film, and stripping off remaining photoresist to retain the ITO electrode pattern.
In this process, the TFT glass is cleaned, coated with directional material, and friction is applied to align the LCD molecules. TFT glass is then bonded with a color filter using a sealant, and LCD is injected within the frame to complete bonding.
The final process involves integrating the drive ICs and printed circuit board, pressing conductive adhesive to allow electron flow, and affixing flexible circuit boards. This part ensures display signals are accurately transmitted to drive LCD molecules.
Backlight systems, such as CCFL and LED, are incorporated to ensure consistent light across the panel. With LEDs, advanced diffuser plates are used to evenly distribute light.
Overall, achieving a quality LCD panel involves precise control of light and meticulous technical processes. The highly automated factories ensure high standards of cleanliness and technical precision.
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